R For Mac
I have fallen in love with the R language and tool set over the last few weeks. I find that getting outside my comfort zone and learning new tools can always spur creativity and the open source community has a great many tools just waiting to be discovered. The fact that there is a free option for RStudio provides a powerful analysis tool to organizations without taking a large hit to the budget.
R is a statistical computing and graphics language and is available as free software under the GNU general public license. RStudio is a free and open source integrated development environment that puts a user interface over the R command line back end. The combination of the two provides a powerful data analysis toolset.
- RStudio is an active member of the R community. We believe free and open source data analysis software is a foundation for innovative and important work in science, education, and industry. The many customers who value our professional software capabilities help us contribute to this community.
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- RStudio is a set of integrated tools designed to help you be more productive with R. It includes a console, syntax-highlighting editor that supports direct code execution, and a variety of robust tools for plotting, viewing history, debugging and managing your workspace.
- R/macpro: /r/macpro is a community of Apple Mac Pro users. Recently purchased a new 2TB XPG NVME drive (thanks r/buildapcsales!).I'll be installing the drive later today or tomorrow.
The tools are more command line and have a programming style rather than a point and click tool such as Microsoft’s Excel. This tool would appeal to the power user analyst or a user with more of a programming background.
R for Mac OS X. This directory contains binaries for a base distribution and packages to run on Mac OS X (release 10.6 and above). Mac OS 8.6 to 9.2 (and Mac OS X 10.1) are no longer supported but you can find the last supported release of R for these systems (which is R 1.7.1) here. Concrete Surface Preparation And Polish. Residential And Commercial Construction. Concrete Solutions.
R has a Very Active Community
The trouble with adding open source software to your workflow is making sure that the tool is active and being updated on a regular basis. The main criteria I look for is based on how large and active the community around the tool is.
- Do people have a passion for the software?
- Is there an active community?
- When was the last update?
- How often has the software been updated?
R has a large active community and provides functions and extensions to the tool set through external libraries which can be imported as you need and discover them.
Installing R & RStudio on a Mac
The installation on a Mac is simple and straight forward. There are 2 installations that are required, the R language and the RStudio front end. You can install a desktop or server version, however I find for personal use the desktop install and user experience easier to manage.
Step 1 – Installing R
RStudio requires R version 2.11.1 or higher which can be downloaded here; http://cran.rstudio.com/ . There will be 3 versions listed, select the “Download the R for (Mac) OS X” version by first selecting the option below.
This will take you to the binaries page. Download the R-3.2.3.pkg, which is the latest version as of this blog post.
The package will download and double click to install. The installation is straight forward, select ‘Continue’ and follow the prompts.
The R backend is now installed and we can move to installing RStudio.
Step 2 – Installing R Studio
The RStudio desktop version can be found here, https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/#Desktop . There is an open source version and a purchased version that includes various options and support.
The icon above takes you to the various desktop versions, select the Mac OS X version.
Once Downloaded, double click on the RStudio package.
Drag the RStudio icon to the Application Folder
On my machine, I have an older version, you can select ‘Replace’ to only keep the new version.
In Launch Pad, Type in R in finder, you will see both R and RStudio. Select RStudio and the following message is displayed, Select Open to run RStudio
Step3 – Try it out
RStudio is now displayed. You get the option to see a demo which will allow us to see if all is working correctly.
Type the following 2 lines of code in the console and press enter;
X = rnorm(200)
Plot(x)
RStudio is now installed and ready for your analysis.
Resources available
There are many resources and tutorials that can be used to learn more about using the R language, I have listed a few below.
R Project for Statistical Computing, https://www.r-project.org
RStudio, https://www.rstudio.com/resources/training/online-learning/#R
I hope you find these useful.
Steve
R is a programming language. To use R, we need to install an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Rstudio is the Best IDE available as it is user-friendly, open-source and is part of the Anaconda platform.
In this tutorial, we will learn
Install Anaconda
What is Anaconda?
Anaconda free open source is distributing both Python and R programming language. Anaconda is widely used in the scientific community and data scientist to carry out Machine Learning project or data analysis.
Why use Anaconda?
Anaconda will help you to manage all the libraries required for Python, or R. Anaconda will install all the required libraries and IDE into one single folder to simplify package management. Otherwise, you would need to install them separately.
Mac User
Step 1) Go to https://www.anaconda.com/download/ and Download Anaconda for Python 3.6 for your OS.
By default, Chrome selects the downloading page of your system. In this tutorial, installation is done for Mac. If you run on Windows or Linux, download Anaconda 5.1 for Windows installer or Anaconda 5.1 for Linux installer.
Step 2) You are now ready to install Anaconda. Double-click on the downloaded file to begin the installation. It is .dmg for mac and .exe for windows.You will be asked to confirm the installation. Click Continue button.
You are redirected to the Anaconda3 Installer.
Step 3) Next window displays the ReadMe. After you are done reading the document, click Continue
Step 4) This window shows the Anaconda End User License Agreement. Click Continue to agree.
Step 5) You are prompted to agree, click Agree to go to the next step.
Step 6) Click Change Install Location to set the location of Anaconda. By default, Anaconda is installed in the user environment: Users/YOURNAME/.
Select the destination by clicking on Install for me only. It means Anaconda will be accessible only to this user.
Step 7) You can install Anaconda now. Click Install to proceed. Anaconda takes around 2.5 GB on your hard drive.
A message box is prompt. You need to confirm by typing your password. Hit Install Software
The installation may take sometimes. It depends on your machine.
Step 8) Anaconda asks you if you want to install Microsoft VSCode. You can ignore it and hit Continue
Step 9) The installation is completed. You can close the window.
You are asked if you want to move 'Anaconda3' installer to the Trash. Click Move to Trash
You are done with the installation of Anaconda on a macOS system
Windows User
Step 1) Open the downloaded exe and click Next
Step 2) Accept the License Agreement
Step 3) Select Just Me and click Next
Step 4) Select Destination Folder and Click Next
Step 5) Click Install in next Screen
Step 6) Installation will begin
Once done, Anaconda will be installed.
Install R
Mac users
Step 1) Anaconda uses the terminal to install libraries. The terminal is a quick way to install libraries. We need to be sure to point the installation toward the right path. In our case, we set the location of Anaconda to the Users/USERNAME/. We can confirm this by checking anaconda3 folder.
Open Computer and select Users, USERNAME and anaconda3. It confirms that we installed Anaconda on the right path. Now, let's see how macOS write the path. Right-click, and then Get Info
Select the path Where and click Copy
Step 2) For Mac user:
- The shortest way is to use the Spotlight Search and write terminal.
The terminal sets the default working directory to Users/USERNAME. As you can see in the figure below, the path of anaconda3 and the working directory are identical. In macOS, the latest folder is shown before the $. For me, it is Thomas. The terminal will install all the libraries in this working directory.
If the path on the text editor does not match the working directory, you can change it by writing cd PATH in the terminal. PATH is the path you pasted in the text editor. Don't forget to wrap the PATH with 'PATH'. This action will change the working directory to PATH.
Step 4) We are ready to install R. I recommend you to install all packages and dependencies with the conda command in the terminal.
r-essentials means conda will install R and all the necessary libraries used by data scientist.
Conda is downloading the libraries
It takes some time to upload all the libraries. Be patient..you are all set.
In the terminal, you should see Executing transaction: done. If so, you have successfully installed R.
You can check where R is located.
Windows User
Step 1) Open the Anaconda command prompt
Step 2) In the command prompt
- Enter the R install command
- Environment will be determined
- List of packages to be installed will be listed
Step 3) Enter y and hit the return key to start installation
Step 4) Installation will take time, and you will get done message.
Install Rstudio
Mac User
In the terminal, write the following code:
In the terminal, you should see Executing transaction: done. If so, you have successfully installed Rstudio.
You are all set now, congratulation!
Windows User
Step 1) Enter command to install R Studio in the Anaconda prompt
Step 2) You will be shown a list of packages that will be installed. Enter y
Step 3) R Studio will be installed
Warning
Avoid as much as you can to install a library using pip for Python, and R. Conda libraries gather a lot of packages, you don't need to install libraries outside of conda environment.
Run Rstudio
Directly run the command line from the terminal to open Rstudio. You open the terminal and write rstudio. You can also use Desktop Shortcut
Or
A new window will be opened with Rstudio.
Test
Open Rstudio from the terminal and open a script. Write the following command:
- ## In Rstudio summary(cars)
- Click Run
- Check Output
If you can see the summary statistics, it works. You can close Rstudio without saving the files.
Install package
Install package with anaconda is trivial. You go to your favorite browser, type the name of the library followed by anaconda r.
You choose the link that points to anaconda. You copy and paste the library into the terminal.
For instance, we need to install randomForest for the tutorial on random forest; we go https://anaconda.org/r/r-randomforest.
Update R For Mac
Run conda install -c r r-randomforest --yes from the terminal.
The installation is completed.
Note that Thorough this tutorial, you won't need to install many libraries as the most used libraries came with the r-essential conda library. It includes ggplot for the graph and caret for the machine learning project.
Open a library
To run the R function randomForest(), we need to open the library containing the function. In the Rstudio script, we can write library(randomForest)
It also supports external gamepad or controllers along with the really fast emulation. 
Warning: Avoid as much as possible to open unnecessary packages. You might ended up creating conflicts between libraries.
Run R code
We have two ways to run codes in R
R For Macbook
- We can run the codes inside the Console. Our data will be stored in the Global Environment but no history is recorded. We won't be able to replicate the results once R is closed. We need to write the codes all over again. This method is not recommended if we want to replicate our save our codes
R For Mac Osx
- Write the code in the script. We can write as many lines of codes as we want. To run the code, we simple select the rows we want to return. Finally, click on run. We can see the output in the Console. We can save our script and open it later. Our results won't we lost.
Warning: In we point the cursor at the second row (i.e., slice_vector[1:5]), the Console displays an error. That's, we didn't run the line number 1.
R For Mac Os X Faq (see Help) Section 9
Similarly, if we point the cursor to an empty row and click on run, R return an empty output.